Turbine



Feb. 10,1925- 1,525,853 I J. H. CORTHESY 51- AL TURBINE Fil ed My 18, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig.5., I

Feb, 10, 1925.

- 1,525,853 J. H. CORTHESY ET AL V TURBINE Filed May 18, 1922 3 Sheets-She'et 3 Patented Feb. 10, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JULES HIPPOLYTE GORTI-IESY, OF LONDON, AND WILLIAM KENNEDY LAURIE DICK- SON, OF TVTIGKENHAM, ENGLAND.

TURBINE.

Application filed May 18, 1922. Serial No. 561,886.

T 0 all w ho m it may concern:

Be it known that we, JULEs HIrPoLYTn CoRTHEsY, a citizen of the Swiss Republic, and residing at London, England, and VVIL- LIAM KENNEDY LAURIE DIGKSON, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and residing at Twickenham, in the county of Middlesex, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to elastic fluid turbines for gaseous fluids of that type in which the fluid from a stationary nozzle or nozzles is directed into a rotor chamber inside a stationary casing through a series of openings in the wall of the said rotor chamber, the fluid being free to flow inside the said rotor at great-er tangential speed than the rotor itself.

The present invention consists in a turbine in which the rotor element is provided with an uninterrupted annular chamber having a series of impingement surfaces and sharp edged openings in one of its side walls close to the periphery, and a nozzle or nozzles fixed to the stator chamber with small-clean ance from the said sharp edged orifices delivering the working fluid into the rotor chamber through the said openings when opposite the nozzle or nozzles, while the working fluid may flow from the rotor chamber into the stator chamber through the said openings when clear of the nozzle or nozzles. The said impingement surfaces and sharp edged openings are adapted to serve, when opposite the nozzle or nozzles, as inlet passages for the flow of the fluid into the hollow rotor chamber, to serve as outlet passages for the outflow of the fluid from the rotor chamber, and to serve as impingement surfaces within the same, whereby the tangential velocity of the fluid relative to the rotor element is gradually reduced and the energy of the steam efliciently converted into power.

The invention also consists in providing the rotor chamber element with a second series of inclined surfaces and openings close to the periphery to form additional outlet passages and impingement surfaces for the flow of the fluid from the rotor chamber into the stator chamber.

The invention also consists in a multiplestage turbine in which the rotor comprises a plurality of rotor elements as above set forth all fastened to the same shaft or. drum, and a stationary casing or stator comprising a plurality of nozzle or guide-blade diaphragms Which'divide the stator chamber into compartments one for each rotor chamber. The fluid flows from one stator compartment past the nozzle or guide-blade diaphragm and is thereby directed into the rotor chamber in the adjacent stator compartment.

The invention also consists in a rotor chamber element comprising two parallel discs, one or both being pierced and pressed to provide openings and inclined surfaces as above set forth and united by a central hub and a peripheral rim.

We append drawings diagrammatically illustrating our invention.

Figure 1 is a cylindrical section of the rotor element in relation to a nozzle and the stator chamber;

Figures 2 and 3 are respectively axial sec- I tions of two forms of the rotor element;

Figure 4 1s an enlarged View of the imings of the rotor element;

Figure 5 is a cylindrical section showing a multiplestage turbine with rotor elements all fastened to the same shaft or drum;

Figure 6 is a cylindrical section showing two rotor elements revolving in opposite directions;

Figures 7 and 8 are respectively elevation and section of a rotor element made from two flanged discs suitably pierced and pressed;-

Figure 9 is an elevation showing one form of construction of the rotor element;

Figure 10 represents a developed view of the construction of rotor shown in Figure 9.

In carrying our invention into effect in one form the annular rotor chamber R is formed by a series of blades 1 fastened to and projecting from the periphery of a wheel or disc W, and an outer peripheral flange 2 and closed by a shroud band 3, (Figure 2) this blade constituting the im pingement surfaces and sharp edged openings aforesaid. The annular chamber may be made alternatively with a second series of blades 2, (Figure 3) instead of the peripheral flange 2. Figure elis an enlarged view showing the shape of the blades. The ends of the nozzles have minimum clearpingement surfaces and sharp edged openance from the rotor element, while the wall of the stator chamber S has ample clearance therefrom between the adjacent nozzles.

In one form, Figures 7 and 8', the rotor chamber element is made up of two circular discs (5 flanged at the periphery so as to form two shallow saucers, the rim of one fitting tightly within that of the other. The discs are pierced at the centre and are fastened to a distance piece or hub 72. which is adapted to be fastened to the shaft. One of the discs is slit radially at equal angular intervals over a Zone near the periphery and the metal between the slits is stamped so as to form surfaces inclined to the tangential direction of motion and the edges of the slit metal presented to the infiowing fluid are each finished to an acute angle. In another form (Figure 9), the rotor element is made of a hub part h, to the periphery of which separate blades 7) are fixed and a disc d fiangedon the periphery, the said parts it and d being fastened together. A developed view of theblades Z) and rotor member h is represented in Figure 10.

The stator casing S comprises two parallel walls and a peripheral drum. These may either be made in three parts and assembled axially with respect to the rotor and the rotor shaft, or they may be made in two parts divided at the plane of the rotor shaft, and bolted together in a hammer well known. From one side of the casing a nozzle or nozzles N project inwards towards the openings in the rotor chamber. The steam or other fluid flows through the nozzle through the said openings into the rotor chamber. Its tangential velocity is at first greater than that of the rotor, and impinging on the inclined surfaces and being deviated therefrom inside the rotor chamber, its velocity gets gradually reduced, and the steam finally escapes from inside the rotor chamber through the various openings which are not at the instant opposite the nozzle or nozzles. I

An exhaust pipe E is fastened at a convenient point to the stator casing to provide for the exhaust of the fluid therefrom.

The radial length of the openings or slits should be greater than the radial width of the nozzles, and is preferably made about twice the nozzle width as is indicated diagrammatically in Figures 7 and 8, wherein a nozzle is represented by T. The width of the uninterrupted annular chamber within the rotor is preferably made about equal to the diameter of the nozzle. For the best eliiciency the blades and openings in the rotor chamber element extend to the periphery of the rotor element.

In a multiple-stage turbine (Figure according to our invention a number of rotor elements R, R 'andlt are fastened to the rotor shaft or to a drum fastened to the shaft with suitable distance pieces between them, and the stator comprises a number of nozzle or guideblade diaphragms S, S S, which divide the stator chamber into compartments, one for each rotor elen'lent. Each nozzle diaphragm serves as a series of outlet passages for the flow of the fluid from one. stator compartment and as nozzles directing the fluid into the rotor chamber element in the adjacent stator compartment. The pressure of the fluid in the consecutive stator compartments is successively lower and the consecutive compartments are made of successively larger capacity. In this example the rows of nozzles N extend completely around the circumference and the steam issues upon the rotorelenients only at the sides remote from those through which it enters.

A two-stage turbine (Figure 6) with two 5 shafts revolving in opposite directions can bemade in accordance with our invention a hollow rotor element being fastened to each shaft, the fluid outtiowing from the first stage rotor element It being directed into the second stage rotor element R and both rotor elements being enclosed within the same casing.

In a turbine vention, as the working fluid when at its greatest velocity is flowing within the. rotor element in a plane at right angles to the axis of the shaft and in the same direction as that of rotation, the usual energy losses due t0 fluid friction, eddy currents and shock are largely avoided.

It is to benoted that the angle at which the rotor blades are formedrelatively to the plane of the rotor should conform as nearly as mechanical considerations will permit with the angle at which the nozzles areplaced relatively to the same plane.

It has been found by experiments that the greater portion of the power developed is due to the impulses of the working fluidand the smaller part is due to the reaction effect of the working fluid as it flows from the rotor element into the stator compartment.

Ha ving now particularly described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A rotor element for steam turbines having an uninterrupted annular chamber close to the periphery and a series of sharp edged guide members forming one of the two side walls of said chamber which lie in planes normallyto the axis of the rotor element, saidguide men'ibcrs serving both as steam impingen'ient surfaces and as means enabling steam to enter said annular chamber without shock.

2. A rotor element for steam turbines having an uninterrupted annular chamber close to the periphery and a series of sharpedged guide members forming one of the made according to our in- V side Walls of said chamber, a further series rotor formed of a plurality of rotor elements of sharp=edged guide members forming the as claimed in claim 1, said elements all other side Wall of said chamber, said firstbeing fastened to the same shaft or drum.

mentioned members serving both as steam 4. A. rotor element for steam turbines as 15 5 impingement surfaces and as means enclaimed in claim 1, formed of two parallel abling steam to enter said annular chamber discs Which are pierced and pressed near without shock and said last mentioned memtheir peripheries substantially as described.

bers serving both as steam impingement sur- In testimony whereof We have signed our faces and as means enabling steam to leave names to this specification. 1!) said annular chamber. JULES HIPPOLYTE CORTHESY.

3. A multiple stage turbine including a WILLIAM N Y LAU IE DICKSON. 

